Conservation strategies for protection of the historic mathas in Pandharpur/

Abstract

Shreekshetra Pandharpur is an important Pilgrim town in the state of Maharashtra. With its history dating back to the 6th Century CE, the town has seen major changes in terms of political, social as well as economic aspects. Numerous historical transformations, like the Varkari movement (which arose in the 13th Century), a regional variation of the large-scale Bhakti movement have deeply impacted the town. This complexity is often reflected through the webs and layers evident in the built fabric of the town. Pandharpur, being the destination of Vari pilgrimage has developed a unique cultural fabric. Over the centuries, it has grown due to the spiritual philosophies of Varkari. Since the 13th Century, many saints belonging to various towns in Maharashtra have shaped the founding religious and social ideologies of Vari and Varkari Sampraday. The saints have played an important role in unifying the region during the Islamic invasion through Varkari literature. A shift was observed when the saint culture in Pandharpur was followed by the culture of disciples. Since then, many communities of disciple Varkari have constructed religious institutions for the propagation of their philosophies as well as provision of accommodation during the Vari. The thesis explores the historic religious institutions of Pandharpur. “Religious institution” means an institution for the promotion of any religion or persuasion, and includes any place or premises used as a place of public religious worship, by whatever name or designation known1 . The religious institutions of Pandharpur include Mathas, Phads, and Dharmshalas. Serving similar functions, they act as community infrastructure which follows specific rules and management systems. The typology of Mathas will be studied to understand the connection between community and the evolution of built heritage. A study of existing management and conservation patterns would give an insight into the traditions which have been lost, the ones which continue, and the ones in making. Keywords: Pilgrimage, pilgrim town, religion, religious institutions, heritage, built heritage, Pandharpur, Vari, Varkari, Matha.